Private sector activity in Germany strengthened in September, with the Composite PMI Output Index climbing to 52.4, according to preliminary data released by S&P Global and Hamburg Commercial Bank (HCOB) on Tuesday.

The reading was above expectations and indicated an expansion in both manufacturing and services activity, with the index staying above the 50-point threshold that separates growth from contraction.

Economists said the improvement signals resilience in Europe’s largest economy amid broader concerns over inflation and slowing global demand. A detailed report is expected to provide further insights into sectoral performance and business confidence.