On 16 January 2026, Chinese state media reported that China is stepping up efforts to move its nuclear fusion programme beyond laboratory research and into large-scale engineering and practical applications. Rapid progress is being made on the Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting Tokamak (BEST) project, a key step in the country’s long-term clean energy strategy.

The project is designed to demonstrate net fusion power gain, meaning it would produce more energy than it consumes, and aims to generate electricity by around 2030. If successful, the achievement has been compared to switching on the world’s first nuclear-fusion-powered light, marking a potential turning point in the future of low-carbon energy.

This acceleration aligns with broader national goals, including the establishment of the China Fusion Energy Corporation (CFEC) in 2024 as a subsidiary of the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), backed by 15 billion yuan (about $2.1 billion) in capital to drive commercialization.

China’s Path to Nuclear Fusion: From Late Starter to Global Contender

China’s nuclear fusion research started later than that of early leaders such as the United States and the Soviet Union, which began work in the 1950s. Real momentum only emerged in the early 1980s, after Deng Xiaoping’s reforms, when China set out a long-term nuclear roadmap that viewed fusion as the ultimate solution for energy security.

In its early years, progress was limited. During the 1980s and 1990s, research depended largely on imported or adapted tokamaks from abroad, with modest domestic capability. The programme began to accelerate in the 2000s, as investment increased and China developed its own technologies.

A major turning point came in 2006 with the launch of the EAST Tokamak in Hefei, China’s first fully superconducting tokamak. The same year, China joined ITER, gaining valuable access to global expertise and advanced engineering experience.

Progress gathered pace in the 2010s, with EAST setting multiple world records for high-temperature, long-duration plasma operations. Parallel work at other institutes produced advanced tokamaks such as HL-2M, strengthening China’s overall fusion capability.

By the 2020s, fusion had become a national priority, featuring prominently in the 14th Five-Year Plan. New facilities, updated regulations and large-scale testing platforms further pushed the programme from pure research towards engineering readiness. Together, these steps have transformed China from a late entrant into one of the most ambitious players in the global race to make nuclear fusion a viable energy source.

TOPICS: China Fusion Energy Corporation China National Nuclear Corporation Xi Jinping