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Recent research has revealed that meteorite impacts play a significant role in sustaining the moon’s thin atmosphere, challenging previous assumptions about its formation and maintenance. This groundbreaking discovery, published in Science Advances, sheds new light on lunar science and the dynamic processes shaping our nearest celestial neighbour.
The moon, known for its barren and airless surface, possesses a tenuous exosphere—a very thin layer of gases. Until now, scientists have struggled to explain how this atmosphere persists. The new study, conducted by an international team of researchers, indicates that meteorite impacts are a primary source of the gases in the lunar exosphere.
Using data from NASA’s Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) mission, the researchers analyzed the frequency and intensity of meteorite impacts on the moon’s surface. They found that these collisions release significant amounts of gases, such as sodium and potassium, which contribute to the moon’s exosphere.
The study also noted that these impacts are frequent enough to maintain the exosphere over time. “Even though the moon’s atmosphere is incredibly thin, it is surprisingly dynamic and continuously being renewed by these impacts,” explained Dr. Richard Elphic, co-author from NASA Ames Research Center.
This discovery has broader implications for our understanding of other airless bodies in the solar system. It suggests that meteorite impacts could be a common mechanism for creating and sustaining tenuous atmospheres on other moons and asteroids.
The research also highlights the importance of ongoing lunar exploration and monitoring. Future missions, such as NASA’s Artemis program, are expected to provide further insights into the moon’s atmosphere and surface processes.