List of all COVID-19 vaccine candidates in the world

COVID-19, a pandemic that is taking troll of the entire globe gulping millions of lives.  The world is on a race to produce a Coronavirus vaccine. It seems impossible to control the transmission of the virus with mere methods of social distancing, wearing masks or being in lockdown. Basically, viruses possess the feature of mutation, which means it has the ability to change the gene structure resulting in a variant form. While CoV is even more unique as its genome size is associated with increased replication fidelity compared to other virus’s RNA. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), nearly 150 countries are engaged in the discovery of the COVID-19 vaccine. So far, 160 vaccines are on the trial run at different stages of production, and 27 have made it to human trials.

Russia

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Russia’s Gamaleya National Research Centre and Russian Defence ministry have developed a vaccine candidate. It is expected to be registered on August 12, 2020, marking a history of ‘world’s first COVID-19 vaccine’.

India

Currently, three Indian COVID-19 vaccines are in different clinical testing phases. According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), two vaccines, Bharat Biotech vaccine and DNA vaccine of Zydus Cadila will start with phase 2 clinical trial. The third vaccine is the Oxford vaccine, manufactured by the Serum Institute of India (SII), which has got both phase 2 and 3 clinical trial approvals.

United States of America

The US government is supporting Biotech firm Moderna Inc’s experimental vaccine for Coronavirus . It has shown an increased immune response in all 45 healthy volunteers. Moderna was the first to start human testing for the COVID-19 vaccine on 16th March 2020.

United Kingdom

Nearly 60 million doses of a potential Coronavirus vaccine would be rolled out in the first half of 2021, by the British government. It has signed a deal with GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi Pasteur, becoming the largest vaccine manufacturing capability in the world. The human clinical trial is expected to begin in September, followed by a phase 3 study in December 2020.

Australia

In Australia, the University of Queensland has started with a human clinical trial of its COVID-19 vaccine candidate. It is produced in the alliance of Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIRO), CSL Biotech company, Patheon, and Cytiva.

China

A Chinese vaccine maker, CanSino Biologics, is providing the vaccine to People’s Liberation Army soldiers, as it has shown positive test results. But, the safety test for commercial sale of the product is yet to complete.

In Abu Dhabi, Sinopharm, a China-based pharmaceutical has begun with phase 3 clinical trial of its COVID-19 vaccine candidate. It is considered to be the world’s first inactivated vaccine to enter phase 3 clinical trial.